Beech

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Video: Beech

Video: Beech
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Beech
Beech
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Beech (lat. Fagus) - a genus of slow-growing deciduous trees of the Beech family. They grow in North America, Asia and the temperate zone of Europe. It occurs naturally in mixed and deciduous forests. Some species of beech, which are now allocated to other families, are common in New Zealand, Australia, New Guinea and South America. Two species are cultivated on the territory of Russia - forest beech and oriental beech.

Characteristics of culture

Beech is a tree up to 30 m high (there are specimens up to 50 m high) with a trunk covered with smooth gray bark and a dense crown. Leaves are entire or serrated, simple, oval-oblong or oblong, up to 15 cm long. Buds are scaly, elongated. Flowers are small, unisexual, wind-pollinated, collected in earrings. Fruits are triangular, acorn-shaped, covered with a woody sheath. Beech begins to bear fruit only after 20-40 years, in some cases - after 60 years. The average age is 400 years.

Growing conditions

Beech is shade-tolerant and thermophilic, prefers well-lit areas, easily tolerates partial shade. Loamy, fertile, moist, slightly acidic or alkaline soils are preferred. The culture has a negative attitude towards strong piercing winds. Beech does not differ in drought resistance, it loves moist air. The presence of lime in the soil is not prohibited. Beech is sensitive to salinity and pollution. Does not accept swampy, highly acidic and heavy clay soils.

The subtleties of reproduction and care

Propagated by beech seeds, layering and pneumatic shoots. The simplest and most effective way is reproduction by layers of 3-4 years of age. Such layers quickly take root in a new place, but need regular watering and feeding. When separating the cuttings from the mother plant, it is important not to harm the root system. It is advisable to plant beech seedlings singly or in biogroups.

Sowing seeds of a crop is carried out in the fall, but it is worth remembering that beech nuts attract rodents, so they need protection. Planting depth - 2-3 cm. For spring sowing, preliminary stratification is required. After sowing, the ridges are mulched with dry foliage or sawdust with a layer of at least 2 cm. The plants are transplanted to a permanent place after 3-4 years. In the first year, the seedlings are shaded.

Care consists in annual fertilizing with mineral fertilizers, watering during prolonged drought and loosening the soil in the near-trunk zone. Young plants need shelter for the winter. Mulching the trunk circle is encouraged; organic materials are recommended as mulch. Sanitary and shaping trims are required, haircuts are not prohibited.

Application

Beech is a highly decorative plant, suitable for creating hedges and green walls. They look harmonious in combination with many deciduous and coniferous crops. Beeches are used as single and group landings. Plants often flaunt in city parks, on the territory of sanatoriums, hospitals, children's camps and rest homes.

Beech wood is a valuable material; it is used to make musical instruments, parquet flooring, rifle butts and other items. Beech chips are used in brewing. Wood is short-lived outdoors, subject to deterioration and decay.

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