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Rutabaga (Latin Brassica napobrassica) - vegetable culture; biennial plant of the Cruciferous family, or Cabbage. The plant is often called kalega, buckwheat or Swedish turnip. It is known that rutabaga was bred in the 17th century in Sweden and is a hybrid of one of the wild types of cabbage and turnip. Today, rutabaga is not as popular among gardeners as it was in the old days. Although on the territory of the Russian Federation, it is cultivated as a fodder and food crop mainly in the northwestern and northern regions. In the southern regions, the plant is rarely cultivated due to the low moisture content of the soil.

Characteristics of culture

Rutabaga is a biennial plant, in the first year of life it forms a fleshy root crop and a rosette of leaves, in the second - flowers and seeds. The stem of the turnip is tall, straight, leafy. The lower leaves are glabrous or pubescent, lyre-shaped, pinnately incised. The upper leaves are whole, sessile, with a bluish bloom. The flowers are small, collected in racemose inflorescences. The petals of flowers with obovate limbs, turning into a short marigold, have a golden yellow color.

The fruit is a polyspermous pod, 5-10 cm long, tuberous or smooth, horizontal or ascending, with a thinly conical nose, located on a short peduncle. The seeds are dark brown, slightly cellular, spherical, up to 1, 8 mm in diameter; when soaked, they release a sticky substance. The root crop is round, oval, round-flat or cylindrical, can be gray-green or purple-red. The pulp is white or yellow.

Rutabaga is a cold-resistant and moisture-loving culture, its seeds germinate at a temperature of 2-3C. Seedlings appear on 3-5 days, they easily tolerate frosts down to -3C, and adult plants - up to -6C. The optimum temperature for growing a culture is 15-18C. The growing season is 110-120 days.

Growing conditions

Soils for cultivation are desirable loamy or sandy loam, rich in humus, with a slightly acidic or neutral pH reaction. Soils with high acidity significantly reduce the quality and quantity of the crop. The best crop precursors are tomatoes, carrots, cucumbers and legumes. Rutabagas should not be grown after cruciferous plants.

Reproduction and planting

Propagated by rutabagas seeds. In the southern regions, seeds are sown directly into the ground, in the northern regions - through seedlings. The site for the swede is prepared in advance: the soil is dug up, compost, urea, superphosphate and potassium salt are added. For summer consumption, rutabagas are sown in early spring, for winter storage - in mid-summer. Sowing is carried out according to a one-, two- or three-line scheme. The depth of seeding of seeds is 1-2 cm. When growing a culture with seedlings, seedlings are planted in late May - early June in holes. The distance between the plants should be 16-18 cm, between the rows - 60-70 cm. When 2-3 true leaves appear on the shoots, the crops are thinned out.

Care

Caring for the turnip consists in systematic feeding, watering, weeding, loosening row spacings and preventive treatments against pests and diseases. During the growing season, two dressings are carried out: the first - with slurry diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10, the second - with mineral fertilizers (urea, potassium salt and superphosphate).

Often, swede is affected by pests and diseases. Cruciferous fleas, cabbage flies, cabbage aphids and garden scoops are especially damaging to crops. To repel pests, plants are powdered with wood ash and tobacco dust. A decoction of tops, garlic, tomatoes or celandine with the addition of a soap solution is also effective in combating them.

Harvesting and storage

For summer consumption, the harvest of rutabagas is harvested many times as the roots reach technical ripeness. For storage, the collection is carried out once, but before the onset of stable frosts. The root crop is pulled, and the leaves are cut off at the level of the head. Store rutabaga in boxes filled with sand in a cool room. Small roots are used for forcing greens, because partially bleached shoots are also edible.