Beans

2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-07 15:51

© Kasia Bialasiewicz / Rusmediabank.ru

Latin name: Vicia faba Family: Legumes Categories: Vegetable crops

Beans (lat. Vicia faba) - legumes; an annual belonging to the legume family. Homeland is the Mediterranean.

Description

The pods are represented by plants with erect, highly branched, non-lying stems up to 1 m high with pronounced edges. The root system is taproot, individual roots reach a depth of 90 cm. The leaves are green, complex, oblong, elliptical in shape, pointed at the ends.

The flowers are white or creamy white, with a bright spot, they are rather large, butterflies, several pieces are located in the axils of the leaves, have a faint aroma. Beans bloom 25-27 days after germination. The beans ripen (depending on the variety) in 1, 5-2 months.

The fruits are beans with seeds. The length of the beans is 10 cm, in an immature state - the fruits are green, soft, ready to eat - callous, brownish. The fruits contain oval green, purple, yellow or white seeds.

Growing conditions

Beans are a light-loving culture; they prefer light, peaty, permeable, moderately moist soils with a neutral pH. Strongly acidic soils are preliminarily limed, otherwise the plant gives low yields of poor quality. Most of the varieties of the culture are cold-resistant, the seeds hatch at a temperature of 2-5C, and the seedlings calmly tolerate frosts down to -7C. The best predecessors are cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage and potatoes. It is not recommended to grow the plant after peas, beans, beans, lentils, soybeans, and peanuts.

Landing

Beans are planted in late April - early May. The site for planting is prepared in advance, the soil is well dug up, manure and mineral fertilizers are applied. The seeding depth is 6-7 cm, the distance between plants should be 10-15 cm, between rows - 35-40 cm. You can also grow beans through seedlings.

Quite often, gardeners soak the seeds before planting before sprouting, but this is wrong. Experienced agronomists claim that this procedure causes biochemical processes that have an extremely negative effect on the seeds.

Care

Beans require moderate and regular watering, especially during flowering and fruit formation. Lack of moisture has a detrimental effect on development and yield. At the time of flowering, pinch off the growth point, such a procedure will allow the plants to feed intensively.

Weed management and aeration are equally important to the crop. When the crop reaches a height of 50 cm, the soil between the rows is carefully loosened. The depth of loosening is 10 cm. After hilling is carried out. This will increase the bean's resistance to negative factors. Top dressing is carried out a couple of weeks after germination; slurry is ideal for this purpose.

Harvesting

The timing of harvesting depends on the destination of the beans. If they are planned to be eaten, then they are removed immature. If they are intended for storage, then they are waiting for full ripeness. The stems with fruits are cut closer to the root and dried.. Then the seeds are husked, ventilated and stored in containers. Unripe seeds are removed from the total mass, as they rot over time.

Disease and pest control

The most common and dangerous crop pest is aphid. Oyuchno it appears in hot weather. To combat the pest, the shoots are broken off from the plants, and then sprayed with karbofos. Weevils are capable of causing irreparable damage to the culture; they devour the leaves of new shoots. Dandelion infusion will help to cope with the pest.

Rust is one of the most dangerous plant diseases affecting foliage and stems. It manifests itself in the form of yellowish specks, which subsequently form into pustules. Dangerous for culture and ascochitosis, the fungi of which contribute to the formation of dark brown spots on the leaves. When the first signs of these diseases are found, the plants are removed and burned.