Peanut

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Video: Peanut

Video: Peanut
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Peanut
Peanut
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Peanuts (lat. Arachis) - a genus of herbaceous plants of the legume family. The most common representative of the genus is the cultivated peanut, or groundnut. Currently, this species is cultivated in many tropical countries, as well as in Europe. The genus includes about 70 species, most of them are wild-growing.

Characteristics of culture

Peanuts are an annual plant up to 70-100 cm high with a taproot, highly branched root system and erect, four- or five-sided shoots directed upwards. There are also creeping forms. Leaves are paired, pubescent, petiolate, alternate, up to 11 cm long, equipped with large elongated stipules. Leaves are elliptical, pointed.

The flowers are white or yellow-red, collected in short, few-flowered racemes. The calyx is two-lipped, with a thin tube. Corolla curved, five-lobed, moth type. The fruits are formed in place of flowers located at the bottom of the stems. The upper flowers are sterile. Peanuts bloom from June to October - early November. Peanut fruits are elongated, curved, swollen, with a cobweb pattern, contain from 1 to 5 seeds. Seeds are round, oval or oblong, up to 20 mm, can be light pink or dark red in color. Fruits ripen in September - October.

The subtleties of growing

Peanuts are a thermophilic crop, therefore, their cultivation in the open field is possible only in regions with a warm climate. It is not forbidden to cultivate peanuts as a room crop, but the soil in the containers must be well-drained, loose and fertile. Preferably intense lighting, without direct sunlight.

There is nothing difficult in the cultivation of peanuts, the plants need regular weeding, hilling, loosening, top dressing and moderate watering. Since peanuts have a rather long growing season, in the southern regions of Russia they are grown in seedlings, in this case the fruits have time to ripen before the onset of stable cold weather. Seedlings are grown in special peat-humus pots filled with soil, sand and humus, taken in equal proportions

When growing peanuts in a seedless way, seeds are sown in holes (three seeds per hole) to a depth of 4-5 cm. The optimal distance between plants in a row is 25-30 cm. Immediately after sowing, abundant watering is performed. In the future, the culture is watered no more than 1-2 times a week. Waterlogging will have a detrimental effect on the development of culture, as well as overdrying an earthen coma. The first hilling is carried out after the peanut ovaries fall on the soil surface, that is, 7-10 days after flowering. At the same time, a complex mineral fertilizer is introduced into the soil. Harvesting begins at the moment when the leaves of the plants acquire a yellow color.