2024 Author: Gavin MacAdam | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-16 13:38
Anise is sometimes also called ganiz, and ganus, and sira, and anisuli, and anison. Anise is an annual herbal plant that belongs to the celery family, or as it used to be called - umbrella.
Anise has a pivotal root system, which is located at a depth of about 20-30 centimeters, while the height of the stem will be about 50-70 centimeters. The flowers of the plant are white, they are very small and gather in small umbrellas, which then form more complex umbrellas. The fruit of the plant has a pear-shaped or ovoid shape.
Varieties
Anise has many varieties: each country of cultivation usually has its own varieties.
It is not known for certain where anise first appeared. There are versions that this ball is Asia Minor, Egypt or some other Mediterranean countries. Today, anise is most commonly grown in Europe, Asia and North America.
Already in the twelfth century, anise was grown in Spain, and several centuries later - already in England. In Russia, this plant first appeared in the nineteenth century.
Growing
Anise is both cold-resistant and very thermophilic plant. For the normal development of culture, intense sunlight is needed. Reproduction takes place by means of seeds that can germinate at a temperature of six degrees Celsius, while the optimum temperature will be much higher - about twenty degrees. In cold soil, seeds will germinate for a very long time, and young plants are very susceptible to various diseases. At the same time, young anise can withstand a drop in air temperature even to minus seven degrees.
The growing season of the plant is four months. Anise needs the most moisture before flowering. But when the plant blooms, it will need dry weather, preferably without precipitation. Anise can be planted after almost any crop, with the exception of umbrella crops.
Almost all soils are suitable for anise, except for heavy, damp, alkaline and clayey soils. A month before the start of frost, the soil intended for planting anise should be dug to a depth of more than twenty centimeters. Weeds in this area should be destroyed. In the spring, the area for the anise should be loosened and then compacted somewhat.
Before sowing seeds in the ground, they should be germinated for about one week. The seeds are intensively moisturized, after which they can be placed in a cloth, where they should be kept until some of the seeds have roots. After that, the seeds must be dried, then it will already be possible to start planting.
This crop should be harvested when the seeds turn greenish. Plants are cut about ten centimeters from the ground and then dried.
Diseases
Anise is susceptible to numerous rather dangerous diseases, so special attention should be paid to caring for the plant. The greatest danger to anise is powdery mildew and cercosporosis. The latter disease consistently destroys the leaves: starting from the death of the lower leaves, and subsequently those leaves that are located above will also die off. Gray rot, sclerotinosis and rust can cause less harm. Fungicides can be used to control diseases, but natural measures are considered the most optimal. Only healthy seeds should be planted, and strict adherence to crop rotation is also recommended. In the event of a disease, it is necessary to immediately destroy its foci, and plant residues must be urgently destroyed. You should also follow all watering norms. For the immunity of anise, the use of environmentally friendly growth regulators is permissible. Excessive nitrogen fertilization can also be dangerous.
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